| Reactions of Antimony |
 Reactions with water |
| When red hot antimony will react with water to form antimony(III) trioxide. |
2Sb(s) + 3H2O(g) Sb2O3(s) + 3H2(g) |
| Reactions with air |
| When heated antimony will react with oxygen in air for form antimony(III) trioxide.
|
| 4Sb(s) + 3O2(g)2Sb2O3(s) |
| Reactions with halogens |
| Antimony reacts under controlled conditions with all of the halogens to form antimony(III) dihalides. |
| 2Sb(s) + 3F2(g)2SbF3(s) |
| 2Sb(s) + 3Cl2(g)2SbCl3(s) |
| 2Sb(s) + 3Br2(g)2SbBr3(s) |
| 2Sb(s) + 3I2(g)2SbI3(s) |
| Reactions with acids |
| Antimony dissolves in hot concentrated sulphuric acid or nitric acid, to form solutions containing Sb(III). The sulphuric
acid reaction produces sulphur(IV) dioxide gas. Antimony does not react with hydrochloric acid in the absence of oxygen.
|
| |
| Reduction Potentials |
| Balanced half-reaction |
E0 / V
|
SbV + 2e- SbIII |
+0.818 |
| SbV + 2e-SbIII |
+0.746 |
| SbO+ + 2H+ + 3e-Sb(s) + H2O
|
+0.212 |
| SbO3- + 2H+ + 2e-SbO2- + H2O
|
+0.353 |
| SbO3- + 3H+ + 2e-HSbO2 + H2O
|
+0.678 |
| SbO3- + 4H+ + 2e-SbO+ + 2H2O
|
+0.704 |
| SbO2- + 2H+ + 2e-SbO- + H2O
|
+0.720 |
| 2SbO3- + 6H+ + 4e-Sb2O3(s) + 3H2O
|
+0.772 |
| SbO2- + 4H+ + 3e-Sb(s) + 2H2O
|
+0.446 |
| HSbO2 + 3H+ + 3e-Sb(s) + 2H2O
|
+0.230 |
| Sb2O3(s) + 6H+ + 6e-2Sb(s) + 3H2O
|
+0.152 |
| Sb2O5(s) + 6H+ + 4e-2SbO+ + 3 H2O
|
+0.581 |
| Sb2O5(s) + 4H+ + 4e-Sb2O3(s) + 2H2O
|
+0.692 |
| Sb(s) + 3H+ + 3e-SbH3(g) |
-0.510 |